[ { "id": "cantino1502", "title": "Cantino planisphere", "year": 1502, "dateLabel": "1502 (Estense catalogue: c.1502–1505)", "author": "Anonymous Portuguese cartographer; commissioned through Alberto Cantino", "scope": "World chart", "rights": "Public domain scan, as marked by Wikimedia Commons (PD-scan / PD-old-100). Original held by Biblioteca Estense Universitaria.", "note": "Red calicut label on the west coast of India visually verified in the scan. This chart uses early and distorted geography; the marker identifies the written label, not a geographic control point. Biblioteca Estense shelfmark C.G.A.2; its digital catalogue dates the manuscript c.1502–1505, while the Italian Ministry and Commons use 1502.", "kind": "regional", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cantino_planisphere_(1502).jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://bibliotecaestense.cultura.gov.it/info/img/geo.html", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Cantino_planisphere_%281502%29.jpg", "alignment": "Image only; not georeferenced", "status": "scan", "regionalTab": true, "calicutLabel": { "x": 0.6999906041529644, "y": 0.5302120848339336, "text": "calicut", "basis": "Written label visually verified; editorial locator only." }, "image": "assets/cantino1502.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/cantino1502-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "rumsey-1561", "title": "Calecut Nuova Tavola", "year": 1561, "dateLabel": "1561 (reproduction catalogue date)", "kind": "regional", "author": "Girolamo Ruscelli; modern map in his edition of Ptolemy’s Geography", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Calecut_Nuova_Tavola_(1561).jpg", "reference": "11311.117", "credit": "David Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford University Libraries", "rights": "Public domain, as marked by Wikimedia Commons (PD-old-70-expired).", "note": "Calecut label visually verified on the southwest coast, above Cochin. The image is only 992×750 pixels. This is the Columbia/Commons reproduction: do not identify it as the exact physical copy of the existing Rumsey catalogue entry 11311.117. Commons identifies this file as 1561; Columbia’s page groups Ruscelli editions from 1561 onward. Useful to supply an image for the existing map, with separate image-source provenance.", "status": "scan", "scope": "Indian peninsula", "alignment": "Image only; not georeferenced", "archiveUrl": "http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/ruscelli1574/ruscelli1574.html", "relatedCatalogueUrl": "https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~286430~90058925:Calecut-Nuova-Tavola", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Calecut_Nuova_Tavola_%281561%29.jpg", "regionalTab": true, "calicutLabel": { "x": 0.4586693548387097, "y": 0.7306666666666667, "text": "Calecut", "basis": "Written label visually verified; editorial locator only." }, "image": "assets/rumsey-1561.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/rumsey-1561-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "early-1572-0", "title": "Calechut: the port seen from the sea", "year": 1572, "dateLabel": "1572", "kind": "city-view", "author": "Braun & Hogenberg", "note": "Panoramic view; not a surveyed street plan. Related later editions and copies are not independent observations.", "commonsTitle": "File:Calicut 1572.jpg", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Calicut_1572.jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/india/calicut/maps/braun_hogenberg_I_54_1.html", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Calicut_1572.jpg", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Calicut_1572.jpg/1920px-Calicut_1572.jpg", "width": 3839, "height": 1579, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "CIVITATES ORBIS TERRARUM,", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1572-0.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1572-0.jpg", "scope": "City", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1572-0-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "early-1575-1", "title": "Plant et figure de la riche cité de Calecut", "year": 1575, "dateLabel": "1575", "kind": "city-view", "author": "François de Belleforest", "note": "City view. Compare with the Braun–Hogenberg image tradition; do not treat as metric ground geometry. Full scan includes surrounding text; the city panorama occupies the lower half.", "commonsTitle": "File:Plant et figure de la riche cité de Calecut en la première Inde. (Inde) - (François de Belleforest) - btv1b53078101z (1 of 2).jpg", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plant_et_figure_de_la_riche_cit%C3%A9_de_Calecut_en_la_premi%C3%A8re_Inde._(Inde)_-_(Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Belleforest)_-_btv1b53078101z_(1_of_2).jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53078101z", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Plant_et_figure_de_la_riche_cit%C3%A9_de_Calecut_en_la_premi%C3%A8re_Inde._%28Inde%29_-_%28Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Belleforest%29_-_btv1b53078101z_%281_of_2%29.jpg", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Plant_et_figure_de_la_riche_cit%C3%A9_de_Calecut_en_la_premi%C3%A8re_Inde._%28Inde%29_-_%28Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Belleforest%29_-_btv1b53078101z_%281_of_2%29.jpg/1920px-Plant_et_figure_de_la_riche_cit%C3%A9_de_Calecut_en_la_premi%C3%A8re_Inde._%28Inde%29_-_%28Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Belleforest%29_-_btv1b53078101z_%281_of_2%29.jpg", "width": 5415, "height": 4064, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "Bibliothèque nationale de France", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1575-1.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1575-1.jpg", "scope": "City", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1575-1-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "ortelius1590", "title": "Indiae Orientalis, insularumque adjacientium typus", "year": 1590, "dateLabel": "c.1590", "author": "Abraham Ortelius", "scope": "India, East Asia and Southeast Asia", "rights": "Public domain, as marked by Wikimedia Commons. Source credited to the National Library of Israel.", "note": "Calecut label and red coastal town symbol visually verified between Cananor and Cranganor/Cochin. The NLI/Commons source dates this copy c.1590; do not replace that with the map’s first-publication date of 1570. NLI record 990024676700205171; image FL25570014. Downloaded display scan is 3840×2916; institutional original is 13450×10213.", "kind": "regional", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abraham_Ortelius,_Indiae_Orientalis,_insularumque_adjacientium_typus_(FL25570014_2467670).jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://www.nli.org.il/en/maps/NNL_ALEPH990024676700205171//NLI", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Abraham_Ortelius%2C_Indiae_Orientalis%2C_insularumque_adjacientium_typus_%28FL25570014_2467670%29.jpg", "alignment": "Image only; not georeferenced", "status": "scan", "regionalTab": true, "calicutLabel": { "x": 0.16354166666666667, "y": 0.5075445816186557, "text": "Calecut", "basis": "Written label visually verified; editorial locator only." }, "image": "assets/ortelius1590.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/ortelius1590-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "early-1640-2", "title": "Calicut in Vues et plans de villes", "year": 1640, "dateLabel": "1640", "kind": "city-view", "author": "Francesco Valesio", "note": "Perspective view, dated 1640 by the catalogue; not georeferenced. Same pictorial lineage as the 1572 view, not evidence of independent change by 1640.", "commonsTitle": "File:Vues et plans de villes - estampe - Fr. Valesio f. - btv1b8452405h (144 of 232).jpg", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vues_et_plans_de_villes_-_estampe_-_Fr._Valesio_f._-_btv1b8452405h_(144_of_232).jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8452405h", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Vues_et_plans_de_villes_-_estampe_-_Fr._Valesio_f._-_btv1b8452405h_%28144_of_232%29.jpg", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Vues_et_plans_de_villes_-_estampe_-_Fr._Valesio_f._-_btv1b8452405h_%28144_of_232%29.jpg/1920px-Vues_et_plans_de_villes_-_estampe_-_Fr._Valesio_f._-_btv1b8452405h_%28144_of_232%29.jpg", "width": 2100, "height": 1320, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "Bibliothèque nationale de France", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1640-2.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1640-2.jpg", "scope": "City", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1640-2-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "early-1702-3", "title": "A large draught of the Mallabar Coast", "year": 1702, "dateLabel": "c.1702–1707", "kind": "regional-chart", "author": "Samuel Thornton", "note": "Catalogue date c.1702–1707. Regional coastal chart from Basrur to Cape Comorin, not a city plan.", "commonsTitle": "File:A large draught of the MALLABAR COAST from bassalore to cape comaroone NYPL1640646.tiff", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_large_draught_of_the_MALLABAR_COAST_from_bassalore_to_cape_comaroone_NYPL1640646.tiff", "archiveUrl": "https://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?imageID=1640646", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/A_large_draught_of_the_MALLABAR_COAST_from_bassalore_to_cape_comaroone_NYPL1640646.tiff", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/A_large_draught_of_the_MALLABAR_COAST_from_bassalore_to_cape_comaroone_NYPL1640646.tiff/lossy-page1-1920px-A_large_draught_of_the_MALLABAR_COAST_from_bassalore_to_cape_comaroone_NYPL1640646.tiff.jpg", "width": 7230, "height": 5428, "rights": "CC0", "credit": "New York Public Library", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1702-3.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1702-3.jpg", "scope": "Regional", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1702-3-thumb.jpg", "calicutLabel": { "x": 0.382, "y": 0.448, "text": "Calicut", "basis": "Label visually checked on bundled scan; marker is an editorial locator, not part of the original map." }, "regionalTab": true }, { "id": "early-1733-4", "title": "Canara and Malabar coasts with the Laccadives", "year": 1733, "dateLabel": "c.1733", "kind": "regional-chart", "author": "Guillaume Dheulland (engraver)", "note": "BnF dates this [1733?], inferred from inscriptions. Catalogue explicitly indexes Calicut; coastal chart spanning Goa to Cape Comorin.", "commonsTitle": "File:Carte des costes de Canara et de Malabar, avec les isles Laquedives - Dheulland sculpsit - btv1b53257155d (1 of 2).jpg", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carte_des_costes_de_Canara_et_de_Malabar,_avec_les_isles_Laquedives_-_Dheulland_sculpsit_-_btv1b53257155d_(1_of_2).jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53257155d", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Carte_des_costes_de_Canara_et_de_Malabar%2C_avec_les_isles_Laquedives_-_Dheulland_sculpsit_-_btv1b53257155d_%281_of_2%29.jpg", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Carte_des_costes_de_Canara_et_de_Malabar%2C_avec_les_isles_Laquedives_-_Dheulland_sculpsit_-_btv1b53257155d_%281_of_2%29.jpg/1920px-Carte_des_costes_de_Canara_et_de_Malabar%2C_avec_les_isles_Laquedives_-_Dheulland_sculpsit_-_btv1b53257155d_%281_of_2%29.jpg", "width": 8342, "height": 8068, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "Bibliothèque nationale de France", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1733-4.jpg", "catalogueUrl": "https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb47194518w", "image": "assets/early-1733-4.jpg", "scope": "Regional", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1733-4-thumb.jpg", "calicutLabel": { "x": 0.7046875, "y": 0.5535810446957459, "text": "Calicut", "basis": "Label visually checked on bundled scan; marker is an editorial locator, not part of the original map." }, "regionalTab": true }, { "id": "early-1735-5", "title": "Decan, Canara and Malabar coasts", "year": 1735, "dateLabel": "1735", "kind": "regional-chart", "author": "Liébaut", "note": "Dated December 1735. Catalogue explicitly indexes Calicut; regional maritime context.", "commonsTitle": "File:Côtes du Decam, de Canara et Malabar avec les îles Laquedives et une partie des Maldives - F(ec)it Liébaut, Xbre 1735 - btv1b532571433.jpg", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:C%C3%B4tes_du_Decam,_de_Canara_et_Malabar_avec_les_%C3%AEles_Laquedives_et_une_partie_des_Maldives_-_F(ec)it_Li%C3%A9baut,_Xbre_1735_-_btv1b532571433.jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b532571433", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/C%C3%B4tes_du_Decam%2C_de_Canara_et_Malabar_avec_les_%C3%AEles_Laquedives_et_une_partie_des_Maldives_-_F%28ec%29it_Li%C3%A9baut%2C_Xbre_1735_-_btv1b532571433.jpg", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/C%C3%B4tes_du_Decam%2C_de_Canara_et_Malabar_avec_les_%C3%AEles_Laquedives_et_une_partie_des_Maldives_-_F%28ec%29it_Li%C3%A9baut%2C_Xbre_1735_-_btv1b532571433.jpg/1920px-C%C3%B4tes_du_Decam%2C_de_Canara_et_Malabar_avec_les_%C3%AEles_Laquedives_et_une_partie_des_Maldives_-_F%28ec%29it_Li%C3%A9baut%2C_Xbre_1735_-_btv1b532571433.jpg", "width": 8303, "height": 15529, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "Bibliothèque nationale de France", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1735-5.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1735-5.jpg", "scope": "Regional", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1735-5-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "early-1741-6", "title": "The Coast of Mallabar", "year": 1741, "dateLabel": "1741", "kind": "regional-chart", "author": "John Corner", "note": "Lower half of the coastal map from Surat to Cape Comorin. Low-resolution surrogate.", "commonsTitle": "File:Bodleian Libraries, The Coast of Mallabar by John Corner, 1741.jpg", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodleian_Libraries,_The_Coast_of_Mallabar_by_John_Corner,_1741.jpg", "archiveUrl": "http://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/inquire/p/a527d35d-3179-4e1c-8a0b-218ac4c65f6f", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Bodleian_Libraries%2C_The_Coast_of_Mallabar_by_John_Corner%2C_1741.jpg", "thumbnailUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Bodleian_Libraries%2C_The_Coast_of_Mallabar_by_John_Corner%2C_1741.jpg", "width": 1000, "height": 675, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "Digital Bodleian\n\n\n\n\n\nThis file comes from the Bodleian Libraries, a group of research libraries in Oxford University.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing.", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1741-6.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1741-6.jpg", "scope": "Regional", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1741-6-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "early-1764-7", "title": "The Laccadive Islands and Malabar Coast", "year": 1764, "dateLabel": "1764", "kind": "regional-chart", "author": "François-Pierre Le Moyne", "note": "Catalogue explicitly indexes Calicut; regional maritime context.", "commonsTitle": "File:Les îles Lacardives et la côte de Malabar - Lemoine fils delineavit, 1764 - btv1b53257808b (1 of 2).jpg", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Les_%C3%AEles_Lacardives_et_la_c%C3%B4te_de_Malabar_-_Lemoine_fils_delineavit,_1764_-_btv1b53257808b_(1_of_2).jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53257808b", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Les_%C3%AEles_Lacardives_et_la_c%C3%B4te_de_Malabar_-_Lemoine_fils_delineavit%2C_1764_-_btv1b53257808b_%281_of_2%29.jpg", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Les_%C3%AEles_Lacardives_et_la_c%C3%B4te_de_Malabar_-_Lemoine_fils_delineavit%2C_1764_-_btv1b53257808b_%281_of_2%29.jpg/1920px-Les_%C3%AEles_Lacardives_et_la_c%C3%B4te_de_Malabar_-_Lemoine_fils_delineavit%2C_1764_-_btv1b53257808b_%281_of_2%29.jpg", "width": 9124, "height": 6568, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "Bibliothèque nationale de France", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1764-7.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1764-7.jpg", "scope": "Regional", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1764-7-thumb.jpg", "calicutLabel": { "x": 0.6744791666666666, "y": 0.3849493487698987, "text": "Calicut", "basis": "Label visually checked on bundled scan; marker is an editorial locator, not part of the original map." }, "regionalTab": true }, { "id": "early-1764-8", "title": "Canara and Malabar coastal strip charts", "year": 1764, "dateLabel": "1764", "kind": "regional-chart", "author": "France, Dépôt des cartes et plans de la marine", "note": "Three separate strips on one sheet; the Cranganor–Mangalore strip covers Calicut. Whole sheet cannot be aligned by a single geographic rectangle.", "commonsTitle": "File:Coste de Canara depuis Mangalor jusqua Goa (sic) ; Suite de la coste de Malabar depuis Cranganor jusqua Mangalor ; Coste de Malabar depuis le Cap Comorin jusqu'à Cranganor - btv1b85931588.jpg", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coste_de_Canara_depuis_Mangalor_jusqua_Goa_(sic)_;_Suite_de_la_coste_de_Malabar_depuis_Cranganor_jusqua_Mangalor_;_Coste_de_Malabar_depuis_le_Cap_Comorin_jusqu%27%C3%A0_Cranganor_-_btv1b85931588.jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b85931588", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Coste_de_Canara_depuis_Mangalor_jusqua_Goa_%28sic%29_%3B_Suite_de_la_coste_de_Malabar_depuis_Cranganor_jusqua_Mangalor_%3B_Coste_de_Malabar_depuis_le_Cap_Comorin_jusqu%27%C3%A0_Cranganor_-_btv1b85931588.jpg", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coste_de_Canara_depuis_Mangalor_jusqua_Goa_%28sic%29_%3B_Suite_de_la_coste_de_Malabar_depuis_Cranganor_jusqua_Mangalor_%3B_Coste_de_Malabar_depuis_le_Cap_Comorin_jusqu%27%C3%A0_Cranganor_-_btv1b85931588.jpg/1920px-thumbnail.jpg", "width": 6098, "height": 3802, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "Bibliothèque nationale de France", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1764-8.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1764-8.jpg", "scope": "Regional", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1764-8-thumb.jpg", "calicutLabel": { "x": 0.5630208333333333, "y": 0.6265664160401002, "text": "Calicut", "basis": "Label visually checked on bundled scan; marker is an editorial locator, not part of the original map." }, "regionalTab": true }, { "id": "early-1791-9", "title": "Malabar Coast and part of the Laccadives", "year": 1791, "dateLabel": "1791", "kind": "regional-chart", "author": "John McCluer; W. Harrison (engraver); A. Dalrymple (publisher)", "note": "Survey dated 1790; publication 1791. Catalogue explicitly indexes Calicut. Keep survey and publication dates distinct.", "commonsTitle": "File:A chart of part of the Malabar coast and part of the Laccadives... - by John McCluer, 1790 ; W. Harrison sc. ; Hydrographical Office - btv1b532562290.jpg", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_chart_of_part_of_the_Malabar_coast_and_part_of_the_Laccadives..._-_by_John_McCluer,_1790_;_W._Harrison_sc._;_Hydrographical_Office_-_btv1b532562290.jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b532562290", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/A_chart_of_part_of_the_Malabar_coast_and_part_of_the_Laccadives..._-_by_John_McCluer%2C_1790_%3B_W._Harrison_sc._%3B_Hydrographical_Office_-_btv1b532562290.jpg", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/A_chart_of_part_of_the_Malabar_coast_and_part_of_the_Laccadives..._-_by_John_McCluer%2C_1790_%3B_W._Harrison_sc._%3B_Hydrographical_Office_-_btv1b532562290.jpg/1920px-A_chart_of_part_of_the_Malabar_coast_and_part_of_the_Laccadives..._-_by_John_McCluer%2C_1790_%3B_W._Harrison_sc._%3B_Hydrographical_Office_-_btv1b532562290.jpg", "width": 6056, "height": 8020, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "Bibliothèque nationale de France", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1791-9.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1791-9.jpg", "scope": "Regional", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1791-9-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "early-1801-10", "title": "British Province of South Malabar", "year": 1801, "dateLabel": "1801", "kind": "regional-map", "author": "Survey of India", "note": "Regional administrative survey map; catalogue dated 1801.", "commonsTitle": "File:1801 - 20 - 25 British Province of South Malabar.jpg", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1801_-_20_-_25_British_Province_of_South_Malabar.jpg", "archiveUrl": null, "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/1801_-_20_-_25_British_Province_of_South_Malabar.jpg", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/1801_-_20_-_25_British_Province_of_South_Malabar.jpg/1920px-1801_-_20_-_25_British_Province_of_South_Malabar.jpg", "width": 9707, "height": 5957, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "MRIO - Miscellaneous Maps of the Survey of India (1742-1872)", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1801-10.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1801-10.jpg", "scope": "Regional", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1801-10-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "early-1809-11", "title": "Province of Malabar drawn from various surveys", "year": 1809, "dateLabel": "1809", "kind": "regional-map", "author": "A. Arrowsmith", "note": "Regional map; public-domain Commons copy derives from a map dealer rather than an institutional scan.", "commonsTitle": "File:Province of Malabar 1809 - Arrowsmith.png", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Province_of_Malabar_1809_-_Arrowsmith.png", "archiveUrl": null, "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Province_of_Malabar_1809_-_Arrowsmith.png", "thumbnailUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Province_of_Malabar_1809_-_Arrowsmith.png/1920px-Province_of_Malabar_1809_-_Arrowsmith.png", "width": 13342, "height": 20118, "rights": "Public domain", "credit": "https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/95889/map-of-the-province-of-malabar-drawn-from-various-surveys-arrowsmith", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "previewLocal": "work/early-map-previews/early-1809-11.jpg", "image": "assets/early-1809-11.jpg", "scope": "Regional", "thumbnail": "assets/early-1809-11-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "bl-1833", "title": "Calicut · Indian Atlas sheet 44", "year": 1833, "dateLabel": "1833", "author": "East India Company; J. & C. Walker, engravers", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/7633078", "archiveUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/040-002238111", "kind": "regional", "scope": "Malabar coast and offshore waters", "note": "September 1833 regional survey sheet. Calicut, Ellatur (Elathur), Beypoor and Chalium are visible near the southeastern edge. Limited settlement detail; not a whole-city street plan. Scan supplied by John Brown on Zenodo; related British Library record IOR/X/9000/44.", "rights": "Survey of India / East India Company; scan from John Brown, Zenodo, CC BY 4.0. Display image resized.", "alignment": "Image only; not georeferenced", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/7633078/files/044%20Sheet%20Indian%20Atlas%20%281833%29.jpg?download=1", "regionalTab": true, "calicutLabel": { "x": 0.9390909090909091, "y": 0.6196990424076607, "text": "CALICUT", "basis": "Printed label visually verified on scan." }, "image": "assets/bl-1833.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/bl-1833-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "basel-100200615", "title": "Map of the Basle German Evangelical Mercantile Compound.", "year": 1857, "dateLabel": "1857–1911", "kind": "catalogue", "author": "Not stated in catalogue", "sourceUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100200615", "reference": "C-31.2,1#b 1.20", "credit": "Basel Mission Archives / Mission 21", "rights": "Archive states images may not be modified and may only be used as a whole; retained as source-linked catalogue record.", "note": "Original archive page and public search metadata verified. Compound-level plan; catalogue gives a broad 1857–1911 range, not a precise drawing date.", "status": "catalogue-only", "scope": "City / local plan", "alignment": "Catalogue only", "archiveUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100200615" }, { "id": "basel-100200616", "title": "Map of the Basle German Evangelical Industrial Compound.", "year": 1857, "dateLabel": "1857–1911", "kind": "catalogue", "author": "Not stated in catalogue", "sourceUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100200616", "reference": "C-31.2,1#b 1.21", "credit": "Basel Mission Archives / Mission 21", "rights": "Archive states images may not be modified and may only be used as a whole; retained as source-linked catalogue record.", "note": "Original archive page and public search metadata verified. Compound-level plan; catalogue gives a broad 1857–1911 range, not a precise drawing date.", "status": "catalogue-only", "scope": "City / local plan", "alignment": "Catalogue only", "archiveUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100200616" }, { "id": "basel-100200619", "title": "Calicut Missions Compounds.", "year": 1857, "dateLabel": "1857–1911", "kind": "catalogue", "author": "Not stated in catalogue", "sourceUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100200619", "reference": "C-31.2,1#b 1.24", "credit": "Basel Mission Archives / Mission 21", "rights": "Archive states images may not be modified and may only be used as a whole; retained as source-linked catalogue record.", "note": "Original archive page and public search metadata verified. Compound-level plan; catalogue gives a broad 1857–1911 range, not a precise drawing date.", "status": "catalogue-only", "scope": "City / local plan", "alignment": "Catalogue only", "archiveUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100200619" }, { "id": "basel-100200623", "title": "Map of the Basle German Evangelical Industrial Compound.", "year": 1857, "dateLabel": "1857–1911", "kind": "catalogue", "author": "Not stated in catalogue", "sourceUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100200623", "reference": "C-31.2,1#b 1.22", "credit": "Basel Mission Archives / Mission 21", "rights": "Archive states images may not be modified and may only be used as a whole; retained as source-linked catalogue record.", "note": "Original archive page and public search metadata verified. Compound-level plan; catalogue gives a broad 1857–1911 range, not a precise drawing date.", "status": "catalogue-only", "scope": "City / local plan", "alignment": "Catalogue only", "archiveUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100200623" }, { "id": "bl-1874-property", "title": "Calicut · property and barracks plan", "year": 1874, "dateLabel": "28 April 1874", "author": "India Office Records", "kind": "catalogue", "scope": "Local property plan", "reference": "IOR/L/L/2/1827", "sourceUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/040-000208946", "archiveUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/038-000208945", "note": "Conveyance record explicitly includes a property plan; parent record concerns Calicut lands and barracks acquired from East Indian Iron Company liquidators. No publicly viewable scan located. This is not a whole-city plan.", "rights": "Consult British Library; map reproduction rights unverified.", "alignment": "Catalogue only" }, { "id": "french-1885", "title": "Calicut · French zone", "year": 1885, "dateLabel": "1885", "author": "French colonial archives / ANOM", "sourceUrl": "https://recherche-anom.culture.gouv.fr/data/files/anom.diffusion/images/PDF/FRANOM_18001_IR.pdf", "archiveUrl": "https://recherche-anom.culture.gouv.fr/data/files/anom.diffusion/images/PDF/FRANOM_18001_IR.pdf", "kind": "catalogue", "scope": "Catalogue lead", "note": "ANOM CP 1PL 661: Franco-British document, 1885, scale 1:1,016. Catalogue verified; original image not inspected.", "rights": "Consult holding archive; no scan redistributed here.", "alignment": "Catalogue only" }, { "id": "french-1886", "title": "Boundary of the French Ground in Calicut", "year": 1886, "dateLabel": "1886", "author": "French colonial archives / ANOM", "sourceUrl": "https://recherche-anom.culture.gouv.fr/data/files/anom.diffusion/images/PDF/FRANOM_18001_IR.pdf", "archiveUrl": "https://recherche-anom.culture.gouv.fr/data/files/anom.diffusion/images/PDF/FRANOM_18001_IR.pdf", "kind": "catalogue", "scope": "Catalogue lead", "note": "ANOM CP 1PL 660: boundary sketch of the French Ground in Calicut, 1886, scale 1:1,200. Catalogue verified; original map image not inspected.", "rights": "Consult holding archive; no scan redistributed here.", "alignment": "Catalogue only" }, { "id": "admiralty-1888", "title": "Sacrifice Rock to Beipur · Admiralty 64", "year": 1888, "dateLabel": "1888", "author": "United Kingdom Hydrographic Office", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_64_Sacrifice_Rock_to_Beipur,_Published_1888.jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_64_Sacrifice_Rock_to_Beipur,_Published_1888.jpg", "image": "assets/admiralty-1888.jpg", "kind": "coastal-chart", "scope": "Coastal region", "note": "Published 8 October 1888; survey dated 1887. Detailed coast and Calicut waterfront, with a separate inset of the Beypore river entrance. Kept in image comparison: inset and main chart have different scales.", "rights": "Public domain (UK government historical work), per Wikimedia Commons scan record.", "alignment": "not georeferenced", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Admiralty_Chart_No_64_Sacrifice_Rock_to_Beipur%2C_Published_1888.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "thumbnail": "assets/admiralty-1888-thumb.jpg" }, { "id": "bl-1888", "title": "Calicut · Indian Atlas sheet 44, revised", "year": 1888, "dateLabel": "1888", "author": "Survey of India", "sourceUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/041-002238205", "archiveUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/041-002238205", "kind": "catalogue", "scope": "Catalogue lead", "note": "British Library IOR/X/9003/4/44. Published 1833 with additions to 1888; a distinct revision, not a new 1888 survey.", "rights": "Consult holding archive; no scan redistributed here.", "alignment": "Catalogue only" }, { "title": "Mount Dilli–Kannur–Calicut · Admiralty 747", "year": 1889, "author": "United Kingdom Hydrographic Office", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_747_West_Coast_of_India_Sheet_10_Mt._Dilli_to_Calicut,_Published_1859,_Large_Corrections_1889.jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_747_West_Coast_of_India_Sheet_10_Mt._Dilli_to_Calicut,_Published_1859,_Large_Corrections_1889.jpg", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Admiralty_Chart_No_747_West_Coast_of_India_Sheet_10_Mt._Dilli_to_Calicut%2C_Published_1859%2C_Large_Corrections_1889.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "rights": "Public domain (UK government historical work), per Wikimedia Commons scan record.", "dateLabel": "1889 corrections", "bounds": [ [ 11, 75.16666666666667 ], [ 12.166666666666666, 75.95 ] ], "bboxWGS84": [ 75.16666666666667, 11, 75.95, 12.166666666666666 ], "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment; historical datum not transformed. Not for navigation.", "note": "First published 2 February 1859; this copy carries large corrections to 1889. Expanded overlay includes Mount Dilli / Ezhimala and the Kannur–Calicut coast. This is correction history, not a new 1889 survey.", "registration": { "method": "Eight visually identified printed graticule intersections, affine fit from WebMercatorcoordinates toscanpixels. Mercatorlatitude basis fitted toprintedgrid; not an independent ground survey. Expanded within originalmapframe.", "controlPointsLonLatXY": [ [ 75.33333333333333, 12, 2777, 2839 ], [ 75.66666666666667, 12, 6717, 2816 ], [ 75.33333333333333, 11.666666666666666, 2786, 6900 ], [ 75.66666666666667, 11.666666666666666, 6729, 6874 ], [ 75.33333333333333, 11.333333333333334, 2798, 10953 ], [ 75.66666666666667, 11.333333333333334, 6735, 10930 ], [ 75.33333333333333, 11, 2808, 15011 ], [ 75.66666666666667, 11, 6744, 14989 ] ], "affineMercatorToImage": [ [ 0.10615391712440107, -0.000633312275304031 ], [ -0.0002535209254124651, -0.10714295507797075 ], [ -887094.9906328158, 152331.71845332853 ] ], "fitRMSPixels": 2.8555373950524436, "fitMaxPixels": 3.84610173345544, "displayMetresPerPixel": 30, "note": "Unknownhistoricaldatumandunderlyingsurveyerrorremain. Residualsmeasureprintedgridfitonly." }, "id": "admiralty-1889", "overlay": "assets/admiralty-1889-geo.webp", "image": "assets/admiralty-1889.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/admiralty-1889-thumb.jpg", "scope": "Mount Dilli/Ezhimala, Madayi, Cannanore/Kannur, Tellicherry/Thalassery, Mahe, Badagara/Vadakara, Quilandy and Calicut coast. Does not reach Kasaragod or Ponnani.", "alignmentLabel": "Approximate alignment", "kind": "coastal-chart", "groupMember": true, "coverageRow": true, "coverageNote": "Expanded to Mount Dilli / Ezhimala. Does not reach Kasaragod or Ponnani; first published 1859, large corrections 1889." }, { "id": "french-1890-copy", "title": "French lodge, Calicut · boundary plan", "year": 1890, "dateLabel": "1890 / 1905 copy", "author": "French colonial archives / ANOM", "sourceUrl": "https://recherche-anom.culture.gouv.fr/data/files/anom.diffusion/images/PDF/FRANOM_18001_IR.pdf", "archiveUrl": "https://recherche-anom.culture.gouv.fr/data/files/anom.diffusion/images/PDF/FRANOM_18001_IR.pdf", "kind": "catalogue", "scope": "Catalogue lead", "note": "ANOM CP 1PL 662: plan attached to the boundary record of 22 May 1890; surviving copy dated 1905. Catalogue verified; original image not inspected.", "rights": "Consult holding archive; no scan redistributed here.", "alignment": "Catalogue only" }, { "id": "basel-region", "title": "Calicut · Basel Mission working area", "year": 1893, "dateLabel": "1893–1910", "author": "Basel Mission", "sourceUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100201701", "archiveUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100201701", "kind": "catalogue", "scope": "Catalogue lead", "note": "Dated 1893–1910; BMA C-31.1,1#07. Regional mission map. Linked to archive because reuse and image-modification conditions need clearance.", "rights": "Consult holding archive; no scan redistributed here.", "alignment": "Catalogue only" }, { "id": "basel-100202671", "title": "Malabar District Calicut Town", "year": 1908, "dateLabel": "1908", "kind": "catalogue", "author": "Not stated in catalogue", "sourceUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100202671", "reference": "97641", "credit": "Basel Mission Archives / Mission 21", "rights": "Archive states images may not be modified and may only be used as a whole; retained as source-linked catalogue record.", "note": "Original archive page and public search metadata verified. Whole-town map; physical sheet 155 × 125 cm.", "status": "catalogue-only", "scope": "City / local plan", "alignment": "Catalogue only", "archiveUrl": "https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100202671" }, { "id": "tamil-1908-beypur", "title": "Malabar District: Taluk Map — Calicut Taluk, Beypur Port Limits", "year": 1908, "dateLabel": "7 September 1908", "kind": "external", "author": "H. J. Boas", "sourceUrl": "https://tamildigitallibrary.in/Marc-Articles/Malabar_District-Taluk_Map", "reference": "TVA_TVA_MAP_001680; primary file TVA_TNA_MAP_01885_51", "credit": "Tamil Virtual Academy / Tamil Nadu Archives and Historical Research", "rights": "Tamil Virtual Academy / Tamil Nadu Archives. Publicly viewable; no explicit scan reuse licence found. Linked at source, not republished here.", "note": "Verified full scan dated 7 September 1908, at 4 inches to 1 mile (1:15,840). Shows Beypur, Cheruvannur, Nallur, Feroke railway station and bridge, roads, parcels, river and port-limit pillars. Open the full scan at the holding archive.", "status": "external-scan", "scope": "City / local plan", "alignment": "External scan; not georeferenced", "archiveUrl": "https://tamildigitallibrary.in/Marc-Articles/Malabar_District-Taluk_Map", "imageUrl": "https://tamildigitallibrary.in/assets/docs/uploads/primary_files/images/TVA_TNA_MAP_01885_51.jpg", "externalMapUrl": "https://tamildigitallibrary.in/assets/docs/uploads/primary_files/images/TVA_TNA_MAP_01885_51.jpg" }, { "id": "survey-1909-elathur", "title": "Elathur, Kappad & Quilandy · Survey of India 49 M/11", "year": 1909, "dateLabel": "1909", "author": "Survey of India", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "image": "assets/survey-1909-elathur.jpg", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Elathur–Kappad–Quilandy coast", "note": "Survey season 1907–08; published 1909. Adjoining western sheet covering Elathur (Elattur), Kappad, Quilandy (Koyilandy) and Sacrifice Rock. Joins 49 M/15 at 75°45′ E. The large blank western area is the Arabian Sea.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India sheet. Overlay is a cropped and rectified derivative.", "alignment": "Approximate graticule alignment", "overlay": "assets/survey-1909-elathur-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 11.25, 75.5 ], [ 11.5, 75.75 ] ], "registration": { "method": "Four printed graticule corners, bilinear rectification; displayed in Web Mercator. Historical datum not transformed; no independent ground-control validation.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 282.38933333333335, 710.528 ], [ 273.28000000000003, 5775.317333333333 ], [ 5328.96, 5784.426666666667 ], [ 5342.624, 705.9733333333334 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 11.25, 75.5 ], [ 11.5, 75.75 ] ] }, "thumbnail": "assets/survey-1909-elathur-thumb.jpg", "sheet": "49 M/11", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "strict1909": true, "groupMember": true }, { "id": "survey-1909-n", "title": "Calicut north · Survey of India 49 M/15", "year": 1909, "dateLabel": "1909", "author": "Survey of India", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "image": "assets/survey-1909-n.jpg", "kind": "survey", "scope": "City & surroundings", "note": "Survey season 1907–08; published 1909. Northern Calicut, West Hill and inland settlements. Elathur west of 75°45′ E is on adjoining sheet 49 M/11; pair with 49 M/16 for the southern city.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India sheet. Overlay is a cropped and rectified derivative.", "alignment": "Approximate graticule alignment", "overlay": "assets/survey-1909-n-geo.jpg", "bounds": [ [ 11.25, 75.75 ], [ 11.5, 76 ] ], "registration": { "method": "Four printed graticule corners, bilinear rectification; displayed in Web Mercator. Historical datum not transformed; no independent ground-control validation.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 262, 600 ], [ 262, 5662 ], [ 5327, 5662 ], [ 5327, 592 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 11.25, 75.75 ], [ 11.5, 76 ] ] }, "thumbnail": "assets/survey-1909-n-thumb.jpg", "sheet": "49 M/15", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "strict1909": true, "groupMember": true }, { "id": "survey-1909-s", "title": "Calicut south & Beypore · Survey of India 49 M/16", "year": 1909, "dateLabel": "1909", "author": "Survey of India", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "image": "assets/survey-1909-s.jpg", "kind": "survey", "scope": "City & surroundings", "note": "Survey season 1907–08; published 1909. Southern Calicut, Kallayi, Beypore (Beipur), Feroke and Chaliyam, extending south to Parappanangadi. This sheet already includes Beypore; use its place shortcut to zoom there.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India sheet. Overlay is a cropped and rectified derivative.", "alignment": "Approximate graticule alignment", "overlay": "assets/survey-1909-s-geo.jpg", "bounds": [ [ 11, 75.75 ], [ 11.25, 76 ] ], "registration": { "method": "Four printed graticule corners, bilinear rectification; displayed in Web Mercator. Historical datum not transformed; no independent ground-control validation.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 283, 674 ], [ 270, 5712 ], [ 5334, 5725 ], [ 5352, 684 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 11, 75.75 ], [ 11.25, 76 ] ] }, "thumbnail": "assets/survey-1909-s-thumb.jpg", "sheet": "49 M/16", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "strict1909": true, "groupMember": true }, { "id": "bl-1928", "title": "Calicut · Imperial Atlas sheet 49", "year": 1928, "dateLabel": "1928", "author": "Survey of India", "sourceUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/041-002238511", "archiveUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/041-002238511", "kind": "catalogue", "scope": "Catalogue lead", "note": "British Library IOR/X/9007/49. Third edition 1928; earlier editions 1915 and 1924. Catalogue verified; no scan verified.", "rights": "Consult holding archive; no scan redistributed here.", "alignment": "Catalogue only" }, { "id": "bl-1943", "title": "Calicut · sheet 49 M/SE", "year": 1943, "dateLabel": "1943", "author": "Survey of India", "sourceUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/037-002245997", "archiveUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/037-002245997", "kind": "catalogue", "scope": "Catalogue lead", "note": "British Library IOR/X/14248/49M/SE. Second edition 1925, reprinted HIND/S/24 in 1943. Collection lists the record; image not verified.", "rights": "Consult holding archive; no scan redistributed here.", "alignment": "Catalogue only" }, { "id": "survey-1946", "title": "Calicut & Beypore · Survey of India 49 M/16", "year": 1946, "dateLabel": "1946", "author": "Survey of India", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "image": "assets/survey-1946.jpg", "kind": "survey", "scope": "City & surroundings", "note": "Third edition, 1946; surveyed 1940–41. Includes a northward extension over central Calicut. The transparent upper-right area is outside this sheet, not missing city fabric.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India sheet. Overlay is a cropped and rectified derivative.", "alignment": "Approximate graticule alignment", "overlay": "assets/survey-1946-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 11, 75.75 ], [ 11.275, 76 ] ], "registration": { "method": "Four printed graticule corners, bilinear rectification; displayed in Web Mercator. Historical datum not transformed; no independent ground-control validation.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 340.48, 585.2 ], [ 340.48, 6224.400000000001 ], [ 5431.72, 6224.400000000001 ], [ 5431.72, 585.2 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 11, 75.75 ], [ 11.275, 76 ] ] }, "thumbnail": "assets/survey-1946-thumb.jpg", "coverageRow": true, "coverageNote": "Detailed Calicut–Beypore sector only, surveyed 1940–41. No coast-wide 1946 mosaic is supplied." }, { "id": "ams-1959", "title": "Calicut · U.S. Army Map Service NC 43-3", "year": 1959, "dateLabel": "1959", "author": "U.S. Army Map Service", "sourceUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/", "archiveUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/", "image": "assets/ams-1959.jpg", "kind": "regional-survey", "scope": "Kannur–Kozhikode region, 11–12° N", "note": "Edition 2, first printing April 1959; compiled in 1954 from mixed-age Survey of India and Admiralty material. Regional scale 1:250,000, not a 1959 street survey. The full sheet margin records sources.", "rights": "U.S. federal government map; public domain. Scan: Perry–Castañeda Library, University of Texas at Austin.", "alignment": "Approximate graticule alignment", "overlay": "assets/ams-1959-geo.jpg", "bounds": [ [ 11, 75 ], [ 12, 76.5 ] ], "registration": { "method": "Four printed graticule corners, bilinear rectification; displayed in Web Mercator. Historical datum not transformed; no independent ground-control validation.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 347, 270 ], [ 337, 3205 ], [ 4674, 3205 ], [ 4674, 270 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 11, 75 ], [ 12, 76.5 ] ] }, "thumbnail": "assets/ams-1959-thumb.jpg", "coverageNote": "Printed 1959; compiled 1954 from mixed-age sources. Regional 1:250,000 detail; Kasaragod and Ponnani are outside this sheet.", "groupMember": true, "sheet": "NC-43-3", "scaleLabel": "1:250,000" }, { "id": "census-1971", "title": "Calicut Corporation · notional ward map", "year": 1971, "dateLabel": "1971 Census", "author": "Census of India / Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala", "sourceUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32316", "archiveUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32316/download/35497/51545_1971_TD.pdf#page=164", "kind": "external", "scope": "City / notional map", "note": "Corporation divisions, roads, railways and facilities, with adjoining Elathur, Kakkodi, Kunnamangalam, Perumanna, Olavanna, Cheruvannur and Beypore. Explicitly a notional map; not suitable for geographic overlay. From Kerala Town Directory, Series 9, Part VI-A, 1971 Census.", "rights": "Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The portal copyright policy requires permission for reproduction; this atlas links directly to the official PDF instead of hosting a copy.", "alignment": "Linked official PDF; not georeferenced", "status": "external-scan", "externalMapUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32316/download/35497/51545_1971_TD.pdf#page=164", "pageLabel": "Map 12; printed page 158", "pdfPage": 164, "laterTab": true, "rightsUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/en/node/286" }, { "id": "census-1971-density", "title": "Calicut Corporation · population density", "year": 1971, "dateLabel": "1971 Census", "author": "Census of India / Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala", "kind": "external", "status": "external-scan", "scope": "City / notional map", "sourceUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32316", "archiveUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32316/download/35497/51545_1971_TD.pdf#page=165", "externalMapUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32316/download/35497/51545_1971_TD.pdf#page=165", "pageLabel": "Map 13; printed page 159", "pdfPage": 165, "laterTab": true, "note": "1971 population density by corporation division. Thematic notional map; class intervals represent persons per square kilometre, not individual buildings. From Kerala Town Directory, Series 9, Part VI-A, 1971 Census.", "rights": "Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The portal copyright policy requires permission for reproduction; this atlas links directly to the official PDF instead of hosting a copy.", "rightsUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/en/node/286", "alignment": "Linked official PDF; not georeferenced" }, { "id": "ghsl-1975", "title": "Northern Kerala · 1975 built-up reconstruction", "year": 1975, "dateLabel": "1975 estimate", "kind": "thematic", "overlayType": "thematic", "laterOverlay": true, "author": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)", "credit": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), GHS-BUILT-S R2023A, CC BY 4.0. Cropped, reprojected and styled for the Malabar coast historical atlas.", "sourceUrl": "https://registry.opendata.aws/ghs-built-s/", "archiveUrl": "https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/ghs_buS2023.php", "originalDataUrl": "https://jrc-ghsl.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/ghs-built-s/r2023a/54009/100m/1975/GHS_BUILT_S_E1975_GLOBE_R2023A_54009_100_V1_0.tif", "dataUrl": "assets/ghsl-1975-data.tif", "image": "assets/ghsl-1975.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/ghsl-1975-thumb.jpg", "overlay": "assets/ghsl-1975-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 10.65, 74.75 ], [ 12.75, 76.3 ] ], "scaleLabel": "100 m source grid", "alignmentLabel": "Reprojected raster", "alignment": "Source grid reprojected to Web Mercator using nearest neighbour; model accuracy not independently validated.", "scope": "Northern Kerala / Malabar coast: Kasaragod to Ponnani", "note": "1975 is an observation-supported epoch in the GHSL model; local gaps may be filled by interpolation or extrapolation. Local observation counts have not been verified. The 2023 model estimates built-up square metres in 100 × 100 m equal-area cells. Colours show >0–5%, >5–10%, >10–25%, >25–50% and >50–100% estimated built-up share; zero is transparent and does not prove no buildings. 470,313 display pixels contain NoData and are transparent; a separate mask distinguishes them from zero. The model constrains built-up surface to be nondecreasing; the two epochs are not independent observations of change. Expanded to the northern Kerala coastal region from Kasaragod through Kannur, Kozhikode and Ponnani. Not a contemporary printed map or street plan.", "shortNote": "Satellite-based reconstruction for the 1975 epoch. Local gap filling is possible; not an exact-date photograph.", "rights": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), GHS-BUILT-S R2023A, CC BY 4.0. Cropped, reprojected and styled for the Malabar coast historical atlas.", "modelRelease": "R2023A (2023)", "resampling": "nearest neighbour", "displayWidth": 1726, "displayHeight": 2388, "legend": [ { "label": ">0–5%", "color": "#fee8c8" }, { "label": ">5–10%", "color": "#fdbb84" }, { "label": ">10–25%", "color": "#fc8d59" }, { "label": ">25–50%", "color": "#e34a33" }, { "label": ">50–100%", "color": "#b30000" } ], "temporalCaveat": "The R2023A series is a model constructed from observed satellite collections supporting 1975, 1990, 2000, 2014 (Landsat) and 2018 (Sentinel-2), with spatial-temporal interpolation/extrapolation to five-year epochs. 1975 is observation-supported; 1985 is an interpolated estimate. Neither layer is a contemporary printed map, raw satellite photograph, individual-building footprint layer, or street map.", "nodataCells": 470313, "nodataMaskUrl": "assets/ghsl-1975-nodata.png", "coverageRow": true, "coverageNote": "Kasaragod–Ponnani extent. 100 m model cells; NoData and zero are transparent. Observation-supported epoch with possible gap filling." }, { "id": "census-1981-district", "title": "Kozhikode district · Census map", "year": 1981, "dateLabel": "1981 Census", "author": "Census of India / Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala", "kind": "external", "status": "external-scan", "scope": "District / taluk map", "sourceUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29304", "archiveUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29304/download/32485/29196_1981_KOZ.pdf#page=9", "externalMapUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29304/download/32485/29196_1981_KOZ.pdf#page=9", "pageLabel": "PDF page 9", "pdfPage": 9, "laterTab": true, "note": "District and taluk boundaries, towns including Calicut, Beypore and Cheruvannur, roads and railways. Inset compares the 1971 district with the area transferred to Wayanad in 1980. Regional map, not a city street plan. From the 1981 Census Handbook (catalogued publication 1983; map footer carries Government of India copyright 1984). The Census reference year is not a verified survey date.", "rights": "Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The portal copyright policy requires permission for reproduction; this atlas links directly to the official PDF instead of hosting a copy.", "rightsUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/en/node/286", "alignment": "Linked official PDF; not georeferenced" }, { "id": "census-1981-taluk", "title": "Kozhikode taluk · Census map", "year": 1981, "dateLabel": "1981 Census", "author": "Census of India / Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala", "kind": "external", "status": "external-scan", "scope": "District / taluk map", "sourceUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29304", "archiveUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29304/download/32485/29196_1981_KOZ.pdf#page=29", "externalMapUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29304/download/32485/29196_1981_KOZ.pdf#page=29", "pageLabel": "PDF page 29; plate ix(a)", "pdfPage": 29, "laterTab": true, "note": "Calicut and its surrounding settlements including Elathur, Beypore, Cheruvannur and Feroke. Taluk boundaries, village codes, roads, railways and service symbols. Regional administrative map, not a street plan. From the 1981 Census Handbook (catalogued publication 1983; map footer carries Government of India copyright 1984). The Census reference year is not a verified survey date.", "rights": "Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The portal copyright policy requires permission for reproduction; this atlas links directly to the official PDF instead of hosting a copy.", "rightsUrl": "https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/en/node/286", "alignment": "Linked official PDF; not georeferenced" }, { "title": "Kannur–Ponnani coast · TPC K-8D", "year": 1983, "dateLabel": "1983 compilation", "compiled": "January 1983", "revised": null, "reprint": "NIMA, September 1997", "printed": null, "edition": 1, "author": "U.S. Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center", "sourceUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/tpc/", "archiveUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TPC_K-8D_India_U.S._Defense_Mapping_Agency_Aerospace_Center,_compiled_1983_-_PCL_Map_Collection_-_txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_k-8d.jpg", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/TPC_K-8D_India_U.S._Defense_Mapping_Agency_Aerospace_Center%2C_compiled_1983_-_PCL_Map_Collection_-_txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_k-8d.jpg", "bounds": [ [ 10.5, 75 ], [ 12.15, 76.5 ] ], "bboxWGS84": [ 75, 10.5, 76.5, 12.15 ], "rights": "Public domain US military work. Wikimedia record lists PD US Military and identifies United States Department of Defense as author. PCL library provides matching source scan. Cropped and approximately rectified for this atlas.", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule registration; historical horizontal datum unverified; not survey-accurate. Not for navigation.", "registration": { "method": "Manually identified printed graticule intersections, pixel refinement by line contrast, affine fit in published Lambert Conformal Conic geometry, then inverse-mapped to EPSG:3857. WGS84 ellipsoid used as fitting surrogate, not claimed chart datum.", "standardParallels": [ 9.333333333333334, 14.666666666666666 ], "controlPointsLonLatXY": [ [ 75, 12, 6352, 425 ], [ 75.5, 12, 7046, 423 ], [ 76, 12, 7738, 420 ], [ 76.5, 12, 8426, 416 ], [ 75, 11.5, 6343, 1120 ], [ 75.5, 11.5, 7045, 1118 ], [ 76, 11.5, 7736, 1115 ], [ 76.5, 11.5, 8422, 1111 ], [ 75, 11, 6339, 1816 ], [ 75.5, 11, 7044, 1813 ], [ 76, 11, 7735, 1811 ], [ 76.5, 11, 8423, 1807 ], [ 75, 10.5, 6340, 2511 ], [ 75.5, 10.5, 7042, 2509 ], [ 76, 10.5, 7733, 2507 ], [ 76.5, 10.5, 8419, 2503 ] ], "fitRMSPixels": 3.986721056542645, "fitMaxPixels": 6.281764045726408, "fitResidualsPixels": [ 1.497886256006328, 1.6936059441430056, 2.774194408728621, 0.18648171126478377, 6.271439014370852, 3.562831105438426, 2.4053179633917785, 3.846194409064846, 6.159931283143715, 5.472724828563001, 2.945272988430046, 2.5231500884096087, 1.007417546618969, 6.281764045726408, 2.568163102363619, 6.232932074527519 ], "affineLCCToImage": [ [ 0.01270233976540477, -6.41283818529806e-05 ], [ 2.8695397644345398e-05, -0.012587525726352774 ], [ 7735.225829535517, 419.9884738813845 ] ], "displayMetresPerPixel": 100, "note": "Fit residual measures consistency with printed graticule only, not independent ground accuracy. Scan deformation, source generalisation and unknown datum remain." }, "note": "Tactical Pilotage Chart K-8D, compiled January 1983; air information through 22 January 1983. This scan is a September 1997 NIMA reprint. Expanded to Payyanur, Kannur, Thalassery, Kozhikode and Ponnani. Kasaragod is beyond the northern edge. No separate field-survey date verified. Regional 1:500,000 chart, not a street plan. Registered using printed graticule intersections and the published Lambert Conformal Conic projection. Historical horizontal datum is unverified. Fit residuals describe graticule consistency, not independent ground accuracy.", "id": "dma-1983", "overlay": "assets/dma-1983-geo.webp", "image": "assets/dma-1983.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/dma-1983-thumb.jpg", "scope": "Payyannur/Mount Dilli vicinity, Kannur/Cannanore, Thalassery/Tellicherry, Mahe, Vadakara/Badagara, Quilandi, Calicut, Beypore/Feroke vicinity, Ponnani and inland areas", "scaleLabel": "1:500,000", "alignmentLabel": "Approximate alignment", "kind": "regional-survey", "overlayType": "historic-map", "laterOverlay": true, "coverageRow": true, "shortNote": "1983 compilation, scanned from a 1997 reprint. Expanded Payyanur–Ponnani coverage; Kasaragod is outside this sheet.", "coverageNote": "1983 compilation, scanned from a 1997 reprint. Expanded Payyanur–Ponnani coverage; Kasaragod is outside this sheet." }, { "id": "ghsl-1985", "title": "Northern Kerala · 1985 built-up reconstruction", "year": 1985, "dateLabel": "1985 estimate", "kind": "thematic", "overlayType": "thematic", "laterOverlay": true, "author": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)", "credit": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), GHS-BUILT-S R2023A, CC BY 4.0. Cropped, reprojected and styled for the Malabar coast historical atlas.", "sourceUrl": "https://registry.opendata.aws/ghs-built-s/", "archiveUrl": "https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/ghs_buS2023.php", "originalDataUrl": "https://jrc-ghsl.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/ghs-built-s/r2023a/54009/100m/1985/GHS_BUILT_S_E1985_GLOBE_R2023A_54009_100_V1_0.tif", "dataUrl": "assets/ghsl-1985-data.tif", "image": "assets/ghsl-1985.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/ghsl-1985-thumb.jpg", "overlay": "assets/ghsl-1985-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 10.65, 74.75 ], [ 12.75, 76.3 ] ], "scaleLabel": "100 m source grid", "alignmentLabel": "Reprojected raster", "alignment": "Source grid reprojected to Web Mercator using nearest neighbour; model accuracy not independently validated.", "scope": "Northern Kerala / Malabar coast: Kasaragod to Ponnani", "note": "1985 is an interpolated epoch, not a separately observed satellite scene. The 2023 model estimates built-up square metres in 100 × 100 m equal-area cells. Colours show >0–5%, >5–10%, >10–25%, >25–50% and >50–100% estimated built-up share; zero is transparent and does not prove no buildings. 470,313 display pixels contain NoData and are transparent; a separate mask distinguishes them from zero. The model constrains built-up surface to be nondecreasing; the two epochs are not independent observations of change. Expanded to the northern Kerala coastal region from Kasaragod through Kannur, Kozhikode and Ponnani. Not a contemporary printed map or street plan.", "shortNote": "Interpolated built-up estimate for 1985. A model of the period, not an independently observed 1985 scene.", "rights": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), GHS-BUILT-S R2023A, CC BY 4.0. Cropped, reprojected and styled for the Malabar coast historical atlas.", "modelRelease": "R2023A (2023)", "resampling": "nearest neighbour", "displayWidth": 1726, "displayHeight": 2388, "legend": [ { "label": ">0–5%", "color": "#fee8c8" }, { "label": ">5–10%", "color": "#fdbb84" }, { "label": ">10–25%", "color": "#fc8d59" }, { "label": ">25–50%", "color": "#e34a33" }, { "label": ">50–100%", "color": "#b30000" } ], "temporalCaveat": "The R2023A series is a model constructed from observed satellite collections supporting 1975, 1990, 2000, 2014 (Landsat) and 2018 (Sentinel-2), with spatial-temporal interpolation/extrapolation to five-year epochs. 1975 is observation-supported; 1985 is an interpolated estimate. Neither layer is a contemporary printed map, raw satellite photograph, individual-building footprint layer, or street map.", "nodataCells": 470313, "nodataMaskUrl": "assets/ghsl-1985-nodata.png", "coverageRow": true, "coverageNote": "Kasaragod–Ponnani extent. 100 m model cells; NoData and zero are transparent. Interpolated estimate, not a separately observed 1985 scene." }, { "title": "Northern Malabar coast · ONC K-8", "year": 1981, "dateLabel": "1981 revision", "compiled": "October1961", "revised": "May1981", "reprint": null, "printed": "December1981", "edition": 4, "author": "U.S. Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center", "sourceUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/onc/", "archiveUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ONC_K-8_India;_Sri_Lanka_U.S._Defense_Mapping_Agency_Aerospace_Center,_compiled_1961,_revised_1981_-_PCL_Map_Collection_-_txu-pclmaps-oclc-8322829_k_8.jpg", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/ONC_K-8_India%3B_Sri_Lanka_U.S._Defense_Mapping_Agency_Aerospace_Center%2C_compiled_1961%2C_revised_1981_-_PCL_Map_Collection_-_txu-pclmaps-oclc-8322829_k_8.jpg", "bounds": [ [ 10.5, 74.75 ], [ 13, 76.5 ] ], "bboxWGS84": [ 74.75, 10.5, 76.5, 13 ], "rights": "Public domain US military work; Commons PD US Military. Cropped and approximately rectified for this atlas.", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule registration; historical horizontal datum unverified; not survey-accurate. Not for navigation.", "registration": { "method": "Manually identified printed graticule intersections, pixel refinement by line contrast, affine fit in published Lambert Conformal Conic geometry, then inverse-mapped to EPSG:3857. WGS84 ellipsoid used as fitting surrogate, not claimed chart datum.", "standardParallels": [ 9.333333333333334, 14.666666666666666 ], "controlPointsLonLatXY": [ [ 75, 13, 3688, 2446 ], [ 76, 13, 4345, 2451 ], [ 77, 13, 4997, 2452 ], [ 75, 12, 3677, 3119 ], [ 76, 12, 4336, 3124 ], [ 77, 12, 4994, 3125 ], [ 75, 11, 3666, 3789 ], [ 76, 11, 4328, 3793 ], [ 77, 11, 4985, 3796 ], [ 75, 10, 3656, 4464 ], [ 76, 10, 4321, 4469 ], [ 77, 10, 4979, 4472 ] ], "fitRMSPixels": 1.8427759785720457, "fitMaxPixels": 2.673027375108729, "fitResidualsPixels": [ 0.7098412186073356, 1.6874336701898867, 1.4268656034511942, 1.149670175094615, 1.4365666713068834, 1.5417784951058355, 2.1155590101413493, 2.6528776570408708, 2.1955676690943813, 0.6439899171474239, 2.673027375108729, 2.388810479914436 ], "affineLCCToImage": [ [ 0.006042060742387809, 3.0981582204060665e-05 ], [ 7.539806685167934e-05, -0.006086064091229537 ], [ 4335.156340605688, 3122.8372607224755 ] ], "displayMetresPerPixel": 150, "note": "Fit residual measures consistency with printed graticule only, not independent ground accuracy. Scan deformation, source generalisation and unknown datum remain." }, "note": "Operational Navigation Chart K-8, edition 4, revised May 1981 from a compilation of October 1961; printed December 1981. Covers the northern Kerala coast from Kasaragod to Ponnani and adjacent areas. Regional 1:1,000,000 chart, not a street plan. Registered using printed graticule intersections and the published Lambert Conformal Conic projection. Historical horizontal datum is unverified. Fit residuals describe graticule consistency, not independent ground accuracy.", "id": "onc-1981-malabar", "overlay": "assets/onc-1981-malabar-geo.webp", "image": "assets/onc-1981-malabar.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/onc-1981-malabar-thumb.jpg", "scope": "Mangalore, Kasaragod, Kannur/Cannanore, Thalassery/Tellicherry, Vadakara/Badagara, Quilandi, Kozhikode, Beypore, Ponnani and inland areas", "scaleLabel": "1:1,000,000", "alignmentLabel": "Approximate alignment", "kind": "regional-survey", "overlayType": "historic-map", "laterOverlay": true, "coverageRow": true, "shortNote": "Regional chart revised in May 1981 from a 1961 compilation. Covers Kasaragod–Ponnani; not street-level.", "coverageNote": "Regional chart revised in May 1981 from a 1961 compilation. Covers Kasaragod–Ponnani; not street-level." }, { "id": "survey-malabar-era", "title": "Malabar coast · combined survey", "year": 1909, "dateLabel": "1909–1914", "author": "Survey of India; scans collected by John Brown", "members": [ "survey-1909-elathur", "survey-1909-n", "survey-1909-s", "malabar-soi-48l-14", "malabar-soi-48l-15", "malabar-soi-48p-02", "malabar-soi-48p-03", "malabar-soi-48p-04", "malabar-soi-48p-08", "malabar-soi-49m-05", "malabar-soi-49m-09", "malabar-soi-49m-10", "malabar-soi-49n-13", "malabar-soi-49n-14" ], "bounds": [ [ 10.5, 74.75 ], [ 12.75, 76 ] ], "kind": "survey-mosaic", "scope": "Kasaragod–Kannur–Thalassery–Vadakara–Kozhikode–Ponnani coastal strip", "note": "Fourteen adjoining Survey of India sheets are controlled as one coastal layer. Publication dates: 1909, 1910, 1913 and 1914. Sheet 48 L/15 is a 1913 base surviving in a 1947 printing with later grid and magnetic information; it is included for a small coastal edge southwest of Kasaragod, not presented as an unchanged original impression. This is a mixed-date regional mosaic, not a coast-wide snapshot from 1909. Northern sheets were catalogued under South Kanara. Coverage includes the coast and mapped inland portions, not every inland area of historic Malabar District.", "rights": "John Brown collection, CC BY 4.0. Cropped and rectified derivatives.", "alignment": "Approximate graticule alignment", "scaleLabel": "1:63,360 · combined sheets", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "coverageRow": true, "coverageNote": "14 sheets; continuous mapped coastal strip. Dates vary from 1909 to 1914; 48 L/15 is a 1913 base in a 1947 impression. No uniform 1909 survey of the whole coast is claimed." }, { "id": "survey-malabar-1909", "title": "Malabar coast · 1909 sheets only", "year": 1909, "dateLabel": "1909 only", "author": "Survey of India; scans collected by John Brown", "members": [ "survey-1909-elathur", "survey-1909-n", "survey-1909-s", "malabar-soi-49m-05", "malabar-soi-49m-09" ], "bounds": [ [ 11, 75.25 ], [ 12.0, 76 ] ], "kind": "survey-mosaic", "scope": "Kannur sector and Quilandy–Kozhikode–Beypore sector", "note": "Five sheets with publication year 1909 verified in the printed margins: 49 M/5, 49 M/9, 49 M/11, 49 M/15 and 49 M/16. The missing northern and southern coastal sectors are deliberately left uncovered. These are adjoining or separated sheet groups, not five districts.", "rights": "John Brown collection, CC BY 4.0. Cropped and rectified derivatives.", "alignment": "Approximate graticule alignment", "scaleLabel": "1:63,360 · combined sheets", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "coverageRow": true, "coverageNote": "Five verified 1909 sheets. Gaps remain between covered sectors and beyond them; use the mixed-date layer for the wider coast." }, { "id": "malabar-soi-48l-14", "title": "Kumbla & Kasaragod north · Survey of India 48 L/14", "year": 1913, "dateLabel": "1913", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "48 L/14", "surveySeason": "1911–12", "historicalDistrict": "South Kanara", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024/files/48%20L%5D14%20South%20Kanara%20District%20(1913).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-48l-14.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-48l-14-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 12.5, 74.75 ], [ 12.75, 75.0 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1911–12; first publication 1913, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: South Kanara; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 314, 478 ], [ 309, 5950 ], [ 5687, 5935 ], [ 5675, 478 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 12.5, 74.75 ], [ 12.75, 75.0 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2664 ] }, "strict1909": false, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-48l-14-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "id": "malabar-soi-48l-15", "title": "Kasaragod waterfront west · Survey of India 48 L/15", "year": 1913, "dateLabel": "1913 base · 1947 reprint", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "48 L/15", "surveySeason": "1911–12", "historicalDistrict": "South Kanara", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/10460281", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/10460281", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/10460281/files/48%20L%5D15%20South%20Kanara%20District%20(1913).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-48l-15.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-48l-15-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 12.25, 74.75 ], [ 12.5, 75.0 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1911–12; first publication 1913, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: South Kanara; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label. This is a later gridded reprint: the base identifies first edition 1913, while the printing code ends X·47 and magnetic-variation annotation is dated 1946. Not a pristine 1913 impression.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 367, 815 ], [ 369, 5987 ], [ 5428, 5973 ], [ 5414, 801 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 12.25, 74.75 ], [ 12.5, 75.0 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2662 ] }, "strict1909": false, "reprintYear": 1947, "laterImpression": true, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-48l-15-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "id": "malabar-soi-48p-02", "title": "Kasaragod eastern surroundings · Survey of India 48 P/02", "year": 1913, "dateLabel": "1913", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "48 P/02", "surveySeason": "1911–12", "historicalDistrict": "South Kanara", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024/files/48%20P%5D02%20South%20Kanara%20District%20(1913).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-02.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-02-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 12.5, 75 ], [ 12.75, 75.25 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1911–12; first publication 1913, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: South Kanara; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 328, 464 ], [ 313, 5999 ], [ 5746, 5997 ], [ 5742, 476 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 12.5, 75 ], [ 12.75, 75.25 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2664 ] }, "strict1909": false, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-02-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "id": "malabar-soi-48p-03", "title": "Bekal & Kanhangad · Survey of India 48 P/03", "year": 1913, "dateLabel": "1913", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "48 P/03", "surveySeason": "1911–12", "historicalDistrict": "South Kanara", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024/files/48%20P%5D03%20South%20Kanara%20District%20(1913).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-03.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-03-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 12.25, 75 ], [ 12.5, 75.25 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1911–12; first publication 1913, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: South Kanara; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 327, 447 ], [ 310, 5989 ], [ 5745, 5978 ], [ 5748, 455 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 12.25, 75 ], [ 12.5, 75.25 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2662 ] }, "strict1909": false, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-03-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "id": "malabar-soi-48p-04", "title": "Nileshwar & Ezhimala coast · Survey of India 48 P/04", "year": 1914, "dateLabel": "1914", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "48 P/04", "surveySeason": "1912–13", "historicalDistrict": "Malabar & South Kanara", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024/files/48%20P%5D04%20Malabar%20District%20(1914).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-04.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-04-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 12, 75 ], [ 12.25, 75.25 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1912–13; first publication 1914, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: Malabar & South Kanara; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 340, 447 ], [ 318, 5939 ], [ 5747, 5943 ], [ 5758, 466 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 12, 75 ], [ 12.25, 75.25 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2659 ] }, "strict1909": false, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-04-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "id": "malabar-soi-48p-08", "title": "Payyanur & Taliparamba · Survey of India 48 P/08", "year": 1914, "dateLabel": "1914", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "48 P/08", "surveySeason": "1911–13", "historicalDistrict": "Malabar & South Kanara", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/8388024/files/48%20P%5D08%20Malabar%20District%20(1914).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-08.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-08-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 12, 75.25 ], [ 12.25, 75.5 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1911–13; first publication 1914, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: Malabar & South Kanara; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 310, 482 ], [ 307, 5995 ], [ 5743, 5983 ], [ 5735, 477 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 12, 75.25 ], [ 12.25, 75.5 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2659 ] }, "strict1909": false, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-48p-08-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "id": "malabar-soi-49m-05", "title": "Kannur & Thalassery north · Survey of India 49 M/05", "year": 1909, "dateLabel": "1909", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "49 M/05", "surveySeason": "1906–07", "historicalDistrict": "Malabar", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/10460287/files/49%20M%5D05%20Malabar%20(1909).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-49m-05.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-49m-05-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 11.75, 75.25 ], [ 12.0, 75.5 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1906–07; first publication 1909, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: Malabar; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 308, 590 ], [ 291, 5638 ], [ 5347, 5655 ], [ 5356, 599 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 11.75, 75.25 ], [ 12.0, 75.5 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2657 ] }, "strict1909": true, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-49m-05-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "id": "malabar-soi-49m-09", "title": "Thalassery hinterland · Survey of India 49 M/09", "year": 1909, "dateLabel": "1909", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "49 M/09", "surveySeason": "1906–07", "historicalDistrict": "Malabar & French Mahé", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/10460287/files/49%20M%5D09%20Malabar%20(1909).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-49m-09.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-49m-09-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 11.75, 75.5 ], [ 12.0, 75.75 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1906–07; first publication 1909, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: Malabar & French Mahé; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 287, 707 ], [ 303, 5777 ], [ 5356, 5755 ], [ 5333, 684 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 11.75, 75.5 ], [ 12.0, 75.75 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2657 ] }, "strict1909": true, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-49m-09-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "id": "malabar-soi-49m-10", "title": "Thalassery, Mahé & Vadakara · Survey of India 49 M/10", "year": 1910, "dateLabel": "1910", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "49 M/10", "surveySeason": "1906–07", "historicalDistrict": "Malabar & French Mahé", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/10460287/files/49%20M%5D10%20and%20M%5D06%20Malabar%20(1910).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-49m-10.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-49m-10-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 11.5, 75.48009679968392 ], [ 11.75, 75.75 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1906–07; first publication 1910, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: Malabar & French Mahé; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label. Retains the small printed Thalassery continuation into 49M/6; unsurveyed page margins outside that continuation are transparent.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 403, 744 ], [ 406, 5839 ], [ 5472, 5819 ], [ 5465, 730 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 11.5, 75.48009679968392 ], [ 11.75, 75.75 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2459 ] }, "strict1909": false, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-49m-10-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "id": "malabar-soi-49n-13", "title": "Tanur, Tirur & Ponnani · Survey of India 49 N/13", "year": 1910, "dateLabel": "1910", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "49 N/13", "surveySeason": "1908–09", "historicalDistrict": "Malabar", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/10460287/files/49%20N%5D13%20Malabar%20(1910).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-49n-13.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-49n-13-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 10.75, 75.75 ], [ 11.0, 76.0 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1908–09; first publication 1910, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: Malabar; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 302, 694 ], [ 258, 5769 ], [ 5337, 5788 ], [ 5362, 713 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 10.75, 75.75 ], [ 11.0, 76.0 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2648 ] }, "strict1909": false, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-49n-13-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "id": "malabar-soi-49n-14", "title": "Ponnani southern coast · Survey of India 49 N/14", "year": 1910, "dateLabel": "1910", "author": "Survey of India", "kind": "survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast", "series": "Malabar coastal survey mosaic", "sheet": "49 N/14", "surveySeason": "1908–09", "historicalDistrict": "Malabar", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "archiveUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18156644", "imageUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/10460287/files/49%20N%5D14%20Malabar%20(1910).jpg?download=1", "image": "assets/malabar-soi-49n-14.webp", "overlay": "assets/malabar-soi-49n-14-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 10.5, 75.75 ], [ 10.75, 76.0 ] ], "note": "Survey season 1908–09; first publication 1910, verified in the printed margin. One-inch Survey of India sheet (1:63,360). Historical heading: Malabar; modern Northern Kerala geography is a separate label.", "rights": "Scan collection: John Brown, CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo). Historical Survey of India map. Cropped and rectified derivative; original scan retained.", "credit": "Survey of India; scans curated by John Brown / Zenodo", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed latitude/longitude intersections; bilinear source rectification and latitude-to-Web-Mercator resampling. Historical datum not transformed. Not independently validated against ground control.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 308, 755 ], [ 309, 5800 ], [ 5393, 5792 ], [ 5377, 741 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 10.5, 75.75 ], [ 10.75, 76.0 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 2600, 2645 ] }, "strict1909": false, "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-soi-49n-14-thumb.webp", "surveyMosaicMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:63,360", "groupMember": true }, { "title": "Kasaragod–Mount Dilli coast · Admiralty 746", "year": 1914, "dateLabel": "1914 edition", "author": "UK Hydrographic Office; J.&C.Walker", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_746_Mulki_to_Mount_Dilli,_Published_1858.jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_746_Mulki_to_Mount_Dilli,_Published_1858.jpg", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Admiralty_Chart_No_746_Mulki_to_Mount_Dilli%2C_Published_1858.jpg", "bounds": [ [ 12, 74.7 ], [ 13.05, 75.3 ] ], "bboxWGS84": [ 74.7, 12, 75.3, 13.05 ], "rights": "Public-domain UK government historical work, per Wikimedia Commons scan record. Cropped and approximately rectified for this atlas.", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule registration; historical datum unverified.", "note": "The printed margin states New Edition, 9 October 1914. The archive filename uses the first-publication year 1858, which is not the date of this edition. Earlier base survey: 1856. Hydrographic chart showing the shore, soundings, rivers and settlements; not a street plan. This atlas crop follows the northern Kerala extent and adjacent coast.", "registration": { "method": "7 printed graticule intersections; affine fit from Web Mercator to scan; unknown historical datum retained.", "controlPointsLonLatXY": [ [ 74.66666666666667, 13.0, 2020.0, 2048.0 ], [ 75.0, 13.0, 5972.0, 2060.0 ], [ 75.0, 12.666666666666666, 5956.0, 6146.0 ], [ 74.66666666666667, 12.333333333333334, 1995.0, 10195.0 ], [ 75.0, 12.333333333333334, 5942.0, 10215.0 ], [ 74.66666666666667, 12.0, 1981.0, 14273.0 ], [ 75.0, 12.0, 5922.0, 14291.0 ] ], "affineMercatorToImage": [ [ 0.10636635122539281, 0.0004762500960625577 ], [ 0.0003873678681772667, -0.10722331025208827 ], [ -882643.9634891199, 154603.4961837533 ] ], "fitRMSPixels": 4.086071699667282, "fitMaxPixels": 5.7389021685534445, "displayMetresPerPixel": 30 }, "id": "admiralty-746-1914", "overlay": "assets/admiralty-746-1914-geo.webp", "image": "assets/admiralty-746-1914.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/admiralty-746-1914-thumb.jpg", "scope": "Mangalore, Kasaragod, Bekal, Chandragiri, Nileshwar, Hosdurg and MountDilli/Ezhimala", "alignmentLabel": "Approximate alignment", "kind": "coastal-chart", "groupMember": true, "dateProofUrl": "assets/admiralty-746-1914-date.jpg" }, { "title": "Ponnani–Cranganore coast · Admiralty 749", "year": 1914, "dateLabel": "1914 edition", "author": "UK Hydrographic Office; J.&C.Walker", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_749_Malabar_Coast_of_India_from_11%C2%B0_2%27_to_9%C2%B050_north_latitude,_Published_1857.jpg", "archiveUrl": "https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/agdm/id/8724/rec/202", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Admiralty_Chart_No_749_Malabar_Coast_of_India_from_11%C2%B0_2%27_to_9%C2%B050_north_latitude%2C_Published_1857.jpg", "bounds": [ [ 10, 75.75 ], [ 11.02, 76.25 ] ], "bboxWGS84": [ 75.75, 10, 76.25, 11.02 ], "rights": "Public-domain UK government historical work, per Wikimedia Commons scan record. Cropped and approximately rectified for this atlas.", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule registration; historical datum unverified.", "note": "The printed margin states New Edition, 9 October 1914. The archive filename uses the first-publication year 1857, which is not the date of this edition. Earlier base survey: 1851–1853. Hydrographic chart showing the shore, soundings, rivers and settlements; not a street plan. This atlas crop follows the northern Kerala extent and adjacent coast.", "registration": { "method": "8 printed graticule intersections; affine fit from Web Mercator to scan; unknown historical datum retained.", "controlPointsLonLatXY": [ [ 75.66666666666667, 11.0, 2198.0, 1027.0 ], [ 76.0, 11.0, 5146.0, 1020.0 ], [ 75.66666666666667, 10.666666666666666, 2209.0, 4079.0 ], [ 76.0, 10.666666666666666, 5158.0, 4065.0 ], [ 75.66666666666667, 10.333333333333334, 2228.0, 7122.0 ], [ 76.0, 10.333333333333334, 5171.0, 7108.0 ], [ 75.66666666666667, 10.0, 2244.0, 10169.0 ], [ 76.0, 10.0, 5188.0, 10158.0 ] ], "affineMercatorToImage": [ [ 0.07939310481047959, -0.00030991877302117106 ], [ -0.0003921539103362772, -0.08072041183970682 ], [ -666061.2816893893, 103094.82163714114 ] ], "fitRMSPixels": 3.1064221475868647, "fitMaxPixels": 5.013539884880959, "displayMetresPerPixel": 30 }, "id": "admiralty-749-1914", "overlay": "assets/admiralty-749-1914-geo.webp", "image": "assets/admiralty-749-1914.jpg", "thumbnail": "assets/admiralty-749-1914-thumb.jpg", "scope": "Tanur, Ponnani and Cranganore coast; Cochin city is outside this overlay crop.", "alignmentLabel": "Approximate alignment", "kind": "coastal-chart", "groupMember": true, "dateProofUrl": "assets/admiralty-749-1914-date.jpg" }, { "id": "admiralty-coast", "title": "Malabar coast · combined Admiralty charts", "year": 1889, "dateLabel": "1889 / 1914", "members": [ "admiralty-1889", "admiralty-746-1914", "admiralty-749-1914" ], "bounds": [ [ 10, 74.7 ], [ 13.05, 76.25 ] ], "author": "United Kingdom Hydrographic Office", "scope": "Kasaragod–Mount Dilli–Calicut–Ponnani, with adjacent coast", "kind": "chart-mosaic", "note": "Three adjoining hydrographic chart crops form one coastal layer. The centre chart is corrected to 1889; the northern and southern charts are 1914 editions of charts first published in 1858 and 1857. This is a mixed-date set, not a uniform nineteenth-century coastline. Each source sheet retains its date and original scan.", "rights": "Public-domain UK government historical charts, per linked Commons records. Cropped and approximately rectified.", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule registration", "scaleLabel": "Coastal charts · mixed dates", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_747_West_Coast_of_India_Sheet_10_Mt._Dilli_to_Calicut,_Published_1859,_Large_Corrections_1889.jpg", "coverageRow": true, "coverageNote": "Three adjoining charts, with an 1889 centre and 1914 north/south. Survey and correction dates differ; useful for the coastal and harbour record." }, { "id": "malabar-1854", "title": "District of Malabar · Walker / Pharoah atlas", "year": 1854, "dateLabel": "1854 atlas date", "author": "J. & C. Walker; Pharoah & Co., Madras", "sourceUrl": "https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/12089476", "archiveUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malabar_1854.jpg", "imageUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Malabar_1854.jpg", "rights": "Public domain: Commons record uses PD-old-70 and Public Domain Mark. Published in 1854.", "note": "Regional district map, plate 7. CALICUT, Ellatur and Beypoor labels visually verified on the scan. Suitable for the early regional maps tab, not a street plan or a registered overlay. The 1854 date comes from the Commons source record identifying the Stanford atlas; the individual map sheet has no visible year. Stanford catalogue was linked by Commons but could not be independently fetched during this check.", "additionalVerifiedLabels": [ "Ellatur", "Beypoor", "Cannanore", "Tellicherry", "Mahe", "Ponnany" ], "georeferenced": false, "image": "assets/malabar-1854.webp", "thumbnail": "assets/malabar-1854-thumb.jpg", "kind": "regional-map", "scope": "Historic Malabar district, including Mount Dilli, Cannanore, Tellicherry, Mahe, Calicut, Beypoor, Ponnany, Wayanad and inland Palghat.", "scaleLabel": "16 miles to an inch (1:1,013,760)", "alignment": "Image viewer only; not geographically registered", "regionalTab": true, "calicutLabel": { "x": 0.3867655447803765, "y": 0.5157997083130773, "text": "CALICUT", "basis": "Visually confirmed open-circle settlement symbol immediately to the right of the CALICUT label." } }, { "id": "ams-mangalore-1962", "title": "Mangalore, Kasaragod & northern Kerala · AMS ND43-15", "year": 1962, "dateLabel": "1962", "author": "U.S. Army Map Service", "kind": "regional-survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast & regional context", "series": "Mid-century AMS coastal mosaic", "sheet": "ND-43-15", "sourceUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/", "archiveUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/", "imageUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/nd-43-15.jpg", "image": "assets/ams-mangalore-1962.webp", "overlay": "assets/ams-mangalore-1962-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 12, 74.5 ], [ 13, 76 ] ], "note": "Edition 1, first printing February 1962. Compiled 1954 from Survey of India maps dated 1910–12 and 1912–13, a 1932 Admiralty chart and 1950/1953 hydrographic charts. The printed sheet includes Kasaragod and Kumbla west of 75°E; no western neighboring sheet is needed. This is a compilation of mixed-age sources, not a 1962 ground survey.", "rights": "U.S. federal government map; public domain. Scan courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin. Cropped and rectified derivative.", "rightsUrl": "https://guides.lib.utexas.edu/maps/faq", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed graticule corners, bilinear source rectification and Web-Mercator latitude resampling. Original sheet uses Transverse Mercator; historical datum not transformed and no independent ground-control validation.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 317, 279 ], [ 313, 3221 ], [ 4655, 3214 ], [ 4648, 271 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 12, 74.5 ], [ 13, 76 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 4200, 2868 ] }, "compilationYear": 1954, "thumbnail": "assets/ams-mangalore-1962-thumb.webp", "groupMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:250,000" }, { "id": "ams-coimbatore-1959", "title": "Ponnani, Thrissur & Coimbatore · AMS NC43-7", "year": 1959, "dateLabel": "1959", "author": "U.S. Army Map Service", "kind": "regional-survey", "scope": "Northern Kerala coast & regional context", "series": "Mid-century AMS coastal mosaic", "sheet": "NC-43-07A", "sourceUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/", "archiveUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/", "imageUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/nc-43-07a.jpg", "image": "assets/ams-coimbatore-1959.webp", "overlay": "assets/ams-coimbatore-1959-geo.webp", "bounds": [ [ 10, 75.5 ], [ 11, 77 ] ], "note": "Edition 2, first printing April 1959. Compiled 1954 from Survey of India half-inch maps 1917–18 and a 1951 Admiralty chart, with additional detail from 1930–46 one-inch maps and 1944 half-inch maps. Includes Tanur, Tirur, Ponnani and the coast south to the Kochi approaches. This is a compilation of mixed-age sources, not a 1959 ground survey.", "rights": "U.S. federal government map; public domain. Scan courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin. Cropped and rectified derivative.", "rightsUrl": "https://guides.lib.utexas.edu/maps/faq", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule alignment", "registration": { "method": "Four visually inspected printed graticule corners, bilinear source rectification and Web-Mercator latitude resampling. Original sheet uses Transverse Mercator; historical datum not transformed and no independent ground-control validation.", "sourcePixelsUL_LL_LR_UR": [ [ 302, 268 ], [ 297, 3240 ], [ 4699, 3237 ], [ 4690, 262 ] ], "boundsSW_NE": [ [ 10, 75.5 ], [ 11, 77 ] ], "overlayPixels": [ 4200, 2848 ] }, "compilationYear": 1954, "thumbnail": "assets/ams-coimbatore-1959-thumb.webp", "groupMember": true, "scaleLabel": "1:250,000" }, { "id": "ams-midcentury", "title": "Malabar coast · mid-century AMS", "year": 1959, "dateLabel": "1959–1962", "members": [ "ams-mangalore-1962", "ams-1959", "ams-coimbatore-1959" ], "bounds": [ [ 10, 74.5 ], [ 13, 77 ] ], "kind": "survey-mosaic", "author": "U.S. Army Map Service", "scope": "Kasaragod–Kannur–Kozhikode–Ponnani, with inland and adjacent coast", "note": "Three regional sheets form one continuous coastal layer: Mangalore ND-43-15, first printed February 1962, and Calicut NC-43-3 and Coimbatore NC-43-7, first printed April 1959. All three were compiled in 1954 from mixed-age source maps. Publication, compilation and original survey dates are distinct. Regional 1:250,000 detail is not a contemporary city street survey.", "rights": "Public-domain U.S. federal government maps. Scans: Perry–Castañeda Library, University of Texas at Austin. Cropped and approximately rectified.", "alignment": "Approximate printed-graticule registration", "scaleLabel": "1:250,000 · combined sheets", "sourceUrl": "https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/", "coverageRow": true, "coverageNote": "Three sheets complete the coastal strip. Printed 1959 / 1962; compiled 1954 from older sources. Regional detail, not a same-year street survey." } ]